Contents
THE AUTHORS
ABSAM HEALTH POLICIES CENTRE
Health Policy Books (HPBs)
FORWARD
ABBREVIATIONS
INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 1
HEALTH AND HEALTH SYSTEM: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
1.1 The Concept of Health
1.2. Determinants of Health
1.3. Policy and Health Policy
1.4. Health System
1.4.1. Objectives of Health Systems
1.4.2. Functions of Health Systems
CHAPTER 2
ECONOMIC CRISIS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
2.1. Economics Science
2.2. The Concept of Economic Crisis
2.3. Types of Economic Crisis
2.3.1. Real Sector Crises
2.3.2. Financial Crises
2.3.2.1. Banking Crisis
2.3.2.2. Money Crisis
2.3.2.4. Foreign Debt Crises
2.3.2.4. Systemic Financial Crises
2.3.2.5. Sociao-Economic Financial Crisis
2.4. Main Economic Crises in the World and Turkey
2.4.1. Main Economic Crises in the World
2.4.1.1. 1929 Great Depression
2.4.1.2. 1994 Mexico Economic Crisis (Tequila Crisis)
2.4.1.3. Southeast Asian Crisis
2.4.1.4. Brezilian Crisis
2.4.1.5. Argantina Crisis
2.4.1.6. Russian Crisis
2.4.1.7. 2008 World Economic Crisis
2.4.2. Main Economic Crisis in Turkey
2.4.2.1. 1946 Crisis
2.4.2.2. 1958 Crisis
2.4.2.3. 1994 Crisis in Turkey
2.4.2.4. 1982 Bankers Crisis
2.4.2.5. November 2000 and February 2001 Crises in Turkey
2.4.2.6. 2009 Crisis
2.5. Models to Explain Economic Crises
2.5.1. First Generation Models
2.5.2. Second Generation Models
2.5.3. Third Generation Models
2.5.4. Model with Emphasis on External Factors
CHAPTER 3
ECONOMIC CRISIS AND HEALTH
3.1. The Impacts of Economic Crisis on Health: Conceptual Models
3.2. Studies on the Health Impacts of Economic Crises
3.2.1. Impact of Economic Crises on Maternal and Child Health
3.2.2. Impact of Economic Crises on Mental Illness and Suicide Rates
3.2.3. The Impacts of Economic Crises on Mortality Rates
3.2.4. The Impacts of Economic Crises on Health Expenditures
3.2.5. The Impacts of Economic Crises on Health Behaviours
3.2.6. The Impacts of Economic Crises on Healthcare Utilization
3.2.7. The Impacts Economic Crisis on Health Insurance
3.2.8. The Impacts of Economic Crisis on the Other Health Outcomes
CHAPTER 4
HEALTH POLICY PREFERENCES AND COUNTERMEASURES IN ECONOMIC CRISES
4.1. Interventions Towards to Health Expenditures an Budgets
4.2. Cancellation or Postponement of Capital Investments in Health
4.3. Interventions Regarding the Number and Wages of Health Personnel
4.4. Interventions Related to the Volume and Scope of Health Services
4.5. Interventions Towards User Contributions
4.6. Measures Towards Reducing Costs And Increasing Efficiency
4.7. Other Measures Outside the Health Sector
CHAPTER 5
ECONOMIC CRISES AND HEALTH SYSTEM IN TURKEY
5.1. Health System In Turkey
5.1.1. An Overview
5.1.2. Service Provision System
5.1.3. Financing of the Turkish Health System
5.1.4. Financial Resourse Allocation and Payment Methods in Turkey
5.1.5. Health Reforms
5.2. Studies Realted to the Impacts of Economic Crises on Health and Health System in Turkey
CHAPTER 6
MATERIAL AND METHOD
6.1. The Aim of the Research
6.2. The Importance of Reserach
6.3. Methods of the Research
6.4. Data Set and Scope of the Research
6.5. Hypotheses of the Research
6.6. Limitations of the Research
6.7. Analysis of Data
CHAPTER 7
FINDINGS AND DISCISSION
7.1. Basic Statistical Findings
7.1.1. Progress of the Maternal Mortality Rata in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.2. Progress of the Under-One Infant Mortality Rate between 1974-2015
7.1.3. Progress of the Under-5 Mortality Rate in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.4. Progress of the DPT, Polio and Measles Vaccination Rates in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.5. Progress of the Crude Death Rate in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.6. Progress the Death Rate from Traffic Accidents in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.7. Progress of the Crude Suicide Rate in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.8. Progress of the Tuberculosis Incidence in Turkey between 1974-2015 (per hundred thousand)
7.1.9. Progress of the Total Number of Cigarette Sales to Domestic Market in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.10. Progress of Alcohol Consumption in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.11. Progress of Annual Vegetable-Fruit Consumption per capita in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.12. Progress of Annual Sugar Consumption per capita in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.13. Progress of the Health Expenditures in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.14. Progress of Ministry of Health Budget in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.15. Progress of the Number of Health Personnel in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.16. Progress of the Number of Inpatient Health Institutions in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.17. Progress of Total Number of Beds in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.18. Progress of Real Gross Domestic Product in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.19. Progress of Unemployment Rate in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.1.20. Progress of Inflation Rate in Turkey between 1974-2015
7.2. Results of Ardl Bounds Testing
7.2.1. Maternal Mortality Rate: Results of ARDL Bounds Testing
7.2.1.1. Results of Unit Root Test
7.2.1.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.1.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.2. Under-One Infant Mortality Rate Under One: Results of ARDLBounds Testing
7.2.2.1. Results of Unit Root Test
7.2.2.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.2.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.3. Under-Five Mortality Rate: Results of ARDL Bounds Testing
7.2.3.1. Results of Unit Root Test 238
7.2.3.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.3.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.4. DPT Vaccination Rate: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.4.1. Results of Unit Root Test
7.2.4.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model
7.2.4.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.5. Polio Vaccination Rate: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.5.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.5.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model
7.2.5.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.6. Measles Vaccination Rate: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.6.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.6.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.6.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.7. Crude Death Rate: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.7.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.7.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.7.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.8. Death Rate from Traffic Accidents: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.8.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.8.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.8.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.9. Crude Suicide Rate: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.9.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.9.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.9.3. Estimation Results of ADRL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.10. Tuberculosis Incidence: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.10.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.10.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.10.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.11. Total Number of Cigarette Sales to Domestic Market: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.11.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.11.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.11.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model and Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.12. Alcohol Consumption per Capita: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.12.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.12.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.12.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.13. Annual per Capita Vegetable-Fruit Consumption: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.13.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.13.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.13.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.14. Annual per Capita Sugar Consumption: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.14.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.14.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.14.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short Run Coefficients
7.2.15. The Share of Public Health Expenditures in Total Health Expenditures: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.15.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.15.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.15.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.16. The Share of Private Health Expenditures in Total Health Expenditures: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.16.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.16.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.16.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.17. The Share Total Health Expenditures in GDP: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.17.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.17.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.17.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.18. Ministry of Health Budget: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.18.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.18.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.18.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.19. Number of Physician: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.19.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.19.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.19.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.20. Number of Other Health Personnel: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.20.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.20.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.20.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.21. Total Number of Health Personnel: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.21.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.21.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.21.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.22. Number of Inpatient Health Institutions: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.22.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.22.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.22.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
7.2.23. Total Number of Beds: ARDL Bounds Testing Results
7.2.23.1. Unit Root Test Results
7.2.23.2. Estimation Results of Unrestricted Error Correction Model (UECM)
7.2.23.3. Estimation Results of ARDL Model, Long- and Short-Run Coefficients
CHAPTER 8
CONSLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
8.1. Maternal and Child Health
8.2. Mortality Indicators
8.3. Crude Suicide Rate
8.4. Tuberculosis Incidence
8.5. Health Behaviors
8.6. Health Expenditures and Health Budget
8.7. The Numbers of Health Personnel, Inpatient Health Institutions and Total Beds
REFERENCES
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