Contents
THE AUTHORs
ABSAM HEALTH POLICIES CENTRE
Health Policy Books (HPBs)
FORWARD
ABBREVIATIONS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Introduction
2. HEALTH EXPENDITURES AND FINANCING MECHANISMS
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Health Expenditures
2.3. Health Financing Mechanisms
2.3.1. Social Health Insurance
2.3.2. Private Health Insurance
2.3.3. Financing By Taxes
2.3.4. Direct Out-of-Pocket Payments
2.3.5. Medical Savings Accounts
3. CREATING FISCAL SPACE IN HEALTH CARE
3.1. Introduction
3.2. The Reasons and Importance of Creating Fiscal Space in Health care
3.2.1. Increased Health Expenditures
3.2.2. Positive Externalities of Health Care
3.2.3. The Public Good Nature of Health Care Services
3.2.4. Market Failures in the Health care Market
3.2.5. Income Distribution Injustice and Regional Inequities
3.2.6. The Effect of Health Status on Economic Development and Social Welfare
3.2.7. Reducing the Effects of Economic Crises on the Health Status of the Society
3.2.8. Contributing to Financial Sustainability
3.3. Methods for Creating Fiscal Space in Health Care Services
3.3.1. Tax Regulations
3.3.2. Prioritization in Expenditures
3.3.3. Borrowing
3.3.4. Public-Private Partnerships
3.3.5. Privatization
3.3.6. Seigniorage (Printing Money)
3.3.7. International Aids and Grants
3.3.8. Economic Growth
3.3.9. Effectiveness and Efficiency Gains
3.3.10. User Charges
4. CREATING FISCAL SPACE IN THE TURKISH HEALTH SYSTEM
4.1. Introduction
4.2. The Turkish Health Care System
4.2.1. Management and Regulation
4.2.2. Service Delivery
4.2.3. Financing
4.2.4. Payment Methods
4.2.5. Health Reforms
4.3. Creating Fiscal Space in the Turkish Health System
4.3.1. Fiscal Space Creation via Tax Regulations in the Turkish Health System
4.3.2. Fiscal Space Creation via Prioritization in Public Expenditures in the Turkish Health System
4.3.3. Fiscal Space Creation via Borrowing in the Turkish Health System
4.3.4. Fiscal Space Creation via PPPs in the Turkish Health System
4.3.5. Fiscal Space Creation via Privatization in the Turkish Health System
4.3.6. Fiscal Space Creation via Grants/Aids in the Turkish Health System
4.3.7. Fiscal Space Creation via Economic Growth in the Turkish Health System
4.3.8. Fiscal Space Creation via User Charges in the Turkish Health System
4.3.9. Fiscal Space Creation via Health Tourism in the Turkish Health System
5. RESEARCH: STAKEHOLDERS’ OPINIONS AND VIEWS REGARDING CREATING FISCAL SPACE IN THE TURKISH HEALTH SYSTEM
5.1. Material and Method
5.1.1. Purpose and Importance of the Study
5.1.2. Research Question
5.1.3. Study Population and Sample
5.1.4. Limitations and Assumptions
5.1.5. Data Collection
5.1.6. Data Analysis
5.2. Findings and Discussion
5.2.1. General Findings: Personal and Demographic Information
5.2.2. Stakeholders’ Views on Creating Fiscal Space in Health Care
5.2.2.1. Comparison of Creating Fiscal Space Evaluations in Health Care According to the Descriptive Characteristics
5.2.3. Content Analysis Findings
5.2.3.1. The Concept of Creating Fiscal Space in Health Care
5.2.3.2. The Justifications for Creating Fiscal Space in the Turkish Health System
5.2.3.3. Priority of Creating Fiscal Space for the Turkish Health System
5.2.3.4. Creating Fiscal Space Methods for the Turkish Health System
5.2.3.5. Obstacles / Risks While Creating Fiscal Space in the Turkish Health System
5.2.3.6. Parties That Should Take Part in Creating Fiscal Space Process
5.2.3.7. Fiscal Space Impact on Financial Sustainability in the Turkish Health System
5.2.3.8. Impact of Fiscal Space for the Health Sector on the Other Sector Spendings
6. DISCUSSION AND SUGGESTIONS
REFERENCES
ANNEXES
Annex 1. Semi-Structured Questions and Questionnaire Form 201
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